“The summer vacation has been a busy time for many of us. Miss Penrose, with the co-operation of Miss Darbishire and Miss Walton, undertook to organise the National Registration in Oxford” SSA Annual Report, November 1915. Miss Emily Penrose, Somerville’s Principal from 1907 to 1926, was as renowned for her administrative abilities as she was for her academic achievements and in… Read More »August 1915: The Amazons of the SCR
In September 1915, almost 16 months after her departure, Marya Czaplicka returned to Oxford (see May 1914 blog). The long and arduous trip, complicated by the outbreak of war, was an overwhelming success. The expedition, under the auspices of the Oxford School of Anthropology, was funded by a grant from the Pitt Rivers Museum, the Mary Ewart travelling scholarship and fundraising among… Read More »September 1915: By Steamer and Sledge: the return of Miss Czaplicka’s Expedition
“The darkened streets have added to the difficulties of our scattered community life and have made journeys to and from the lodgings – even with the aid of a torchlight – a service of danger.” SSA Annual Report 1916, Oxford Letter In Michaelmas Term 1915, there were 101 students in residence at Somerville, over a third of which were first years,… Read More »October 1915: Somerville’s Scattered Community
In November 1915, Ethel Kerr began her training at Armstrong-Whitworth’s in Newcastle to become a munitions worker or ‘munitionette’. She was one of a number of Somervillians, and hundreds of thousands of women, employed in munitions factories as a result of the Shell Crisis of 1915. The inability of manufacturers to supply enough artillery ammunition led to Government intervention in… Read More »November 1915: The ‘Munitionettes’: Women in the Munitions Industry
Members of Somerville, concerned that the migration to Oriel would undermine the coherence and traditions of the college (see blog Oct 1915), had their fears realised when some of the students abandoned procedure (and potentially propriety) via a petition seeking a relaxation of the college’s chaperone rules. The chaperone rules had evolved gradually during the first three decades of Somerville’s existence. As… Read More »December 1915: The ‘Chap. Rules’ Petition
By January 1916, Vera Brittain had been nursing for six months. After her initial Red Cross training at home in Buxton, she had been posted to the 1st London General Hospital in Camberwell as a Voluntary Aid Detachment nurse (VAD). The death of her fiancé, Roland Leighton, in December 1915, brought about a profound alteration in her attitude; having previously sought… Read More »January 1916: “No ‘Flaire’ for Nursing”; roles for women in the Voluntary Aid Detachments
Among the many varieties of war work undertaken by Somervillians, a small number of former students chose to join the Women Patrols organised by the NUWW (National Union of Women Workers). Janet Gulliver was one; she had come up to Somerville in 1907, at the age of 20, to read mathematics and had started her career as a teacher in… Read More »February 1916: ‘Women Patrols’: moral guardians and prototype police
During the academic year, students had comparatively few opportunities to do war work as scholarly and college pursuits took up most of their time. The college meetings, held by the JCR, did provide a chance to muster volunteers for war work during the long vacation, such as the Board of Agriculture scheme to supply farm labourers, discussed at the meeting in March. The minutes also recorded the war work… Read More »March 1916: Somervillians Sewing Shirts for Soldiers
“I can’t tell you how glad I am about the fine spirit of the imprisoned COs. I never feared that many of them would give way, but I hadn’t expected that they would actually have an effect like this on the outside world. I thought that was past influencing, for the time.” Leila Davies to Joseph Dalby In 1916, Leila Davies… Read More »April 1916: The Court-Martial of a Conscientious Objector
In May 1916, a second Military Service Act extended conscription to married men. Inspired by this, on 31st May 1916, Somerville’s Parliament considered a bill to conscript women, so that more men could be released to the armed forces and women more efficiently organised to replace them. It was proposed that women between the ages of 18 and 38 should be… Read More »May 1916: Somerville’s Parliament Debates Conscription for Women